Trends and Prospects of Change in Wheat Self-Sufficiency in Egypt

Egypt is the largest wheat importer in world; however, it produces only half of 20 million tons that consumes annually. The population currently growing by 1.94% per year, and projections predict demand for will be nearly doubled 2050. Russia Ukraine are major exporters to globally, shipping grains from ports Black Sea. ongoing conflict aggravates already precarious food security situation many other import-dependent countries Africa Asia disrupting supplies accelerating price hikes. Wheat a strategic commodity Egypt. Its production question political stability. Against this backdrop, Egyptian government declared gaining self-sufficiency as aim. This study provides an overview degree trends cultivated area, yield, production, between 2000 2020, followed qualitative analysis determining external pressures system-immanent drivers had impact on past two decades view predicting future pathways achieve sustainable way. underlines some critical such agricultural policies, (subsidized) inputs, climate conditions, global supply chains, domestic prices yields influencing area cultivation its productivity. There significant need implement more effective long-term policies order make (more) attractive feasible smallholders again.